class: center, middle, inverse, title-slide # ICA 2020 ## Information Systems ### Hongtao Hao ### Indiana University ### Scheduled: 2020/05/24 --- background-image: url(https://media.giphy.com/media/99ELNpJwUPzEs/giphy.gif) background-size: 40% background-position: 50% 60% # Cross-Cultural Comparisons of "Selfie"-Presentation: A Content Analysis --- # Do women's selfies differ between cultures? Selfies are popular worldwide<sup>1</sup> but few studies have analyzed selfies from a cross-cultural perspective. This study compares Caucasian/White women’s selfies on Twitter, and Chinese women’s selfies on Weibo. .pull-left[ <img src="https://media.giphy.com/media/SMKiEh9WDO6ze/giphy.gif" width=50%> ] .pull-right[ <img src="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6e/Sina_Weibo.svg/150px-Sina_Weibo.svg.png"> ] .footnote[ [1] Tifentale, 2015 ] --- # Data ## Twitter 1. Sample size: 250 selfies 2. Sampling frame: 26,733 images from Twitter hashtaged with #selfie or #selfies, posted between Dec 31, 2017 to Jan. 1, 2019 3. Data collection: [OSoMe’s Enhanced Access API](https://iuni.iu.edu/resources/datasets/osome/enhanced-data-twitter) .pull-right[ ## Weibo 1. Sample size: 250 selfies 2. Sampling frame: 8,866 images from Weibo hashtaged with #自拍, posted between Dec 31, 2017 to Jan. 1, 2019 3. Data collection: [Advanced Search on Weibo.com](https://s.weibo.com/) ] --- # Measurements 1. Shot size: head shot, body shot 2. Mirror selfie: Yes, No 3. Body exposure - Cleavage: visible, not visible but with contour, not visible and no contour - Midriff: completely visible, slighly visible, not visiable - Buttock: same as above - Thigh: same as above 4. Sexual suggestiveness - Hair display: extremely suggestive, slightly suggestive, not suggestive - Self-touching: same as above - Pose: sexually suggestive, not suggestive 5. Cuteness: seven levels (for details, see the [paper](https://hongtaoh.com/files/cross_cultural.pdf)) --- # Coders - Two coders (Chinese male) - 20 hours of training before Intercoder reliability (ICR) calculation - Initial ICR and final ICR for all previously mentioned variables are above .75 --- background-image: url(/media/ica2020/11.png) background-size: 100% background-position: 50% 50% # Results --- background-image: url(/media/ica2020/22.png) background-size: 100% background-position: 50% 50% # Results --- background-image: url(/media/ica2020/33.png) background-size: 100% background-position: 50% 50% # Results --- background-image: url(/media/ica2020/44.png) background-size: 100% background-position: 50% 50% # Results --- # Discussions 1. White women post more body-shot selfies than Chinese women. 2. White women **did not** post more mirror selfies than Chinese women. 3. For White women alone, they post significantly more **headshot** selfies than body-shot selfies. 4. White women on Twitter exhibited a higher level of body exposure only in terms of **cleavage**. 5. White women exhibited a significantly higher level of sexual suggestiveness through hair display and posing. Chinese women showed a significantly higher degree of sexual suggestiveness through self-touching. 6. In selfies, Chinese women **did not** score higher on cuteness than White women. --- class: inverse, center, middle # Thanks! Slides created via the R package [**xaringan**](https://github.com/yihui/xaringan). Slides source codes can be found [**here**](https://github.com/hongtaoh/hongtaoh.github.io/blob/sources/static/slides/ICA2020.Rmd). .pull-left[ To access the slides, scan the QR code below: <img src="/media/ica2020/ICA2020_QR.svg" width=50%> ] .pull-right[ To access the paper, scan the QR code below: <img src="/media/ica2020/cross-cultural-pdf.svg" width=50%> ]